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EGH454 Harmonic Analysis of Solar System Assignment 2 Sample

Your Task

Single line diagram of the system. Your task is to perform the following two investigations on the system, as briefly outlined in the Problem, and then comprehensibly document your findings: Task 1.

Task 3.

Comprehensively document your findings in the form of a neat, concise paper: The paper should have a maximum eight (8) pages and use the IEEE two-column conference paper template, which will be provided. Make good use of clear wellconstructed images and graphics to aid in your reporting. This paper should be presented in a PDF format.

Solution

Abstract: The connection of renewable energy sources especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems presents issues about power quality issues; predominantly harmonic distortions resulting from power electronic converters. This work assesses the predicted lifetime of key pieces of equipment – three-phase induction motors and transformers – when exposed to voltage harmonics at the 33 kV PCC. Using harmonic voltage data up to the 40th harmonic of the induction motor and its corresponding ambient and rated temperatures, the useful life of the motor is estimated to be about 33.093 years, and the transformer, about 35.11 years. This work has revealed the significance of proper harmonic compensating measures for increasing power system reliability and service life of electrical equipment in RE systems. This overview also points out that the use of harmonic filters as well as the identification of more effective maintenance schedules can prevent the negative consequences of harmonics resulting in longer equipment life. It is on this premise for Assignment Help that this research seeks to stress the importance of constant vigilance and control of power quality in electrical systems as the dependency on renewable energy sources increases.

Keywords: renewable energy, power quality, harmonic distortions, equipment lifespan
 
I. Introduction

The continuous incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources, especially Solar Photovoltaic systems, into utility power systems has led to new problems concerning power quality and gadget durability. Many of these systems incorporate power electronic converters that produce harmonic distortions that may degrade the load equipment's performance and life, including three-phase induction motors and transformers. Potential negative effects resulting from voltage harmonics indicated by the THD include increased temperature, overheating, losses, differential dripping, and earlier failures on the electrical equipment.

This is due to the fact that the reliability and efficiency of a power system depends on the knowledge regarding the expected life of such equipment in the presence of these harmonics. This analysis includes going up to the 40th harmonic and including the effects of temperature in the lifespan models. Through the use of ambient temperature, rated temperature, and constants relevant to the specific equipment, it is possible to gain valuable information on the useful life of these parts. The result can be used to guide design considerations and management tactics to minimize the harmonic effects to strengthen electrical systems during the transition phase towards renewable energy systems.

II. Task 1

a)

Figure 1: 40th Harmonic Content of the Voltage Plot
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The image gives an interface view of an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer, a common application in signal and vibration analysis [1]. Parameters of the structure with links, signal type, start time, number of orders, window type, and reference frequency can be set in the interface. It displays two main plots: The upper plot represents the time domain signal waveform, and the lower plot is the FFT result where on the x-axis there are harmonic orders,and, on the y-axis, there is magnitude either in linear or in DB. There are also options to perform an FFT calculation on an input and export the data in the working interface. Some key parameters like the power spectra density and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) are demonstrated and the first frequency component is depicted in the lower plot.

Figure 2: 40th Harmonic Content of the Current Plot
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The second FFT analyzer, as seen in Figure 2, has the same layout as the previous one but with slightly different signals. It makes it possible for the user to input parameters such as signal type (in this case a current signal), dimension, start time, number of orders, and window type. The figure on the top is the time-domain plot of the signal, where changes in magnitude over a time scale are indicated whereas the figure at the bottom part is the frequency-domain results where on the x-axis are the harmonic orders and on the y-axis are the amplitude or magnitude. Key details such as the fundamental frequency (34.81 Hz) and total harmonic distortion (THD: 6.64%) are visible. The user is also able to compute FFT and then export the results [2]. The frequency-domain plot emphasizes areas of a signal containing high-energy harmonic components to facilitate frequency analysis.

b)

Figure 3: Expected Life for Equipment Calculation
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

It takes about 33.09 years to complete its [motor’s] life cycle than to complete the life cycle of a three-phase induction motor which has been projected to live 24.91 years longer at 35.11 years. These figures are based on voltage harmonic distortions that affect the aging of electrical equipment as is well known. Thus, the major reason for the induction motor’s relatively shorter lifespan is attributed to thermal implication effects heightened by thermal stresses and harmonic-induced losses. On the other hand, the transformer has a more favorable design; the circuit can provide the equipment with more powerful anti-interference capabilities to work under similar conditions as above and has a higher expected service life. Consequently, electrical utilities with both HVDC and renewable energy interfaces require measurement and analysis of harmonic contents for risk mitigation and improvement of critical components' reliability. Allowing harmonic distortions when used to be successful for operators to get longer equipment lifespan as well as make the power transmission in the grid far more efficient and stable.

III. Task 2

Figure 4: Block Diagram with Filter Bank
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The image presented is a Simulink model structured for a power system probably for simulating an inverter or a solar power system. The model consists of squares that symbolize various elements of the model. At the highest level of the model measurement blocks for voltages, currents, and powers can be observed. From there the main system diagram starts with an area for a grid at the far left, a 3.3 kV feeder, filters, and an inverter transformer. The diagram is followed with different LCL filters and chokes which roughly suggest that the system has a harmonic filtering stage. The system also consists of devices such as a ‘3MW Solar Inverter 500Hz’ which can be understood that the model is probably emulating power conversion through an inverter from solar energy. A filter for both 420 Hz and 600 Hz is presented towards the end to show that the circuit has been designed to target certain harmonic frequencies. The entire setup seems to be employed in a simulated grid interconnected photovoltaic power generation system that would give a demonstration of the electric flow from grid interconnection, through transformer and inverter filtering stages with multiple filter stages.

a)

 

Figure 5: 40th Harmonic Content of the Voltage Plot after Connecting Filtering Block
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The picture depicts the FFT Analyzer which is the interface of a software application related to signal analysis. The waveform on the right-hand side is a time-domain waveform or signal – a sinusoidal waveform captured in the vertical axis overtime on the horizontal axis at a small interval of time. The bottom plot of the signal is formed as a frequency spectrum which indicates the magnitude of the different harmonic components at different frequencies. The points of interaction of the device also enable users to select the signal type, input limit frequencies, harmonic order, and compute FFT. Specific parameters include the basic frequency, the overall harmonic distortion, and a bar that indicates the level of each of the first-order harmonics. Of most importance is that the user can export the results at the end of the computation process.

Figure 6: 40th Harmonic Content of the Current Plot after Connecting Filtering Block
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The first plot represents an ideal sinusoid waveform in the time division: amplitude is shown on the y-axis and time is represented on the x-axis; the record has been made during a short period. The lower plot gives the frequency domain view and shows the amplitudes of the harmonics of the signal. Currently, as the structure with links, the signal type and the frequency parameters can be changed in the analyzer interface. In particular, it calculates the first prominent harmonic, the measured distortion in terms of THD, and the desired order of harmonics with an additional feature allowing downloading results.

b)

Figure 7: The Expected Life for the Equipment
(Source: Acquired from MATLAB)

The reliability analysis also reveals that the expected life of the three-phase induction motor is 34.00 years, and the expected life of the three-phase transformer is 34.07 years approximately. This assessment reduces the life expectancy of the pieces of equipment into account owing to harmonic distortions under certain conditions of ambient as well as rated temperatures, and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the voltage supply [3]. The two pieces of equipment are exposed to operating conditions, which include stress due to voltage harmonics. The slight variation of expected life means that while both the devices deteriorate due to the environment and electrical factors, the transformer was found to be slightly more resistant probably due to design and operation constraints. From these outcomes, it may be concluded that harmonic content levels should be taken into account when estimating equipment lifespan; hence, conditions for efficient filtering and design should be provided for improving the reliability of electrical systems in renewable energy facilities.

IV. Conclusion

Therefore, using the expected lifespan of a three-phase induction motor and transformer to control the aging of equipment in renewable power systems, the study established the effects of voltage harmonic distortions. Since the induction motor is predicted to last for approximately 33.09 years while the transformer is 35.11 years, it can be seen that both are prone to problems with harmonic content and thermal stress. These findings indicate that harmonic control methods including the utilization of tuned filters should be used to avoid the impacts of voltage harmonics on the efficiency and durability of equipment. Increasing global complexity of interconnecting renewable energy power sources such as solar PV systems, it will be crucial to analyze the synergies between the harmonic distortions and the behaviors of related equipment to maintain the reliability and efficiency of power systems. Moreover, applying tuning to both torsional and lightly damped systems is considered mandatory for stakeholders of advanced equipment to maintain constant monitoring and solve the problems connected with harmonics and thermal regulation. Through proper management of power quality issues, it becomes feasible to guarantee the increased durability of fundamental electric parts; this will enable the coaxing of more effective energy solutions as well as strengthening the stability of the electrical power network. This will in turn enhance electric energy availability and reliability in the organization, hence, enhance the economic outcome of a power system operator.

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