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LC3002 English For Academic Purpose Resit Information Assignment Sample

Assignment Brief

ESSAY TASK:

You are answering the same essay question that you did last term:

• You will produce a problem / solution essay of 1500 words +/- 10%, focusing on either the problems associated with gender inequality or global migration, and some suggested solutions to those problems. You will be expected to use sourced material to support your essay and to demonstrate your ability to provide references and a bibliography.

• You must not copy text from the internet or books. You risk failing if you do this.

• You must include references and a bibliography. (Remember you have free access to Cite them right online - Home when you log in using your UEL email.)

• If you submitted an essay last term but you didn’t get a score of 40, you need to improve the essay before you resubmit it. Check your grammar and vocabulary and make sure you haven’t copied from the internet.

Include references for assignment help

ESSAY HAND IN DATE:

Essay: 15:00 Friday 19th March via the module from last term on Moodle: Course: LC3002 2021 (T1)
English for Academic Purposes (OC) (uel.ac.uk) Then go to “Assessment” and “Essay Resit”.

 

Solution

GENDER INEQUALITY 

Introduction

Gender is a key indicator of socioeconomic division, and therefore, of exclusion. There are significant differences between men and women in material well-being, irrespective of social status through the level of disparity that exists across sectors and regions. As a consequence, most communities have gender disparities, with males traditionally occupying higher roles in social, financial, and political structures. The aim of eliminating gender disparity has occupied a central position in international organizations and national policy proposals for more than twenty years. Millennium Development Goal 3 represents the worldwide attention to the problem of gender discrimination and has provided policymakers with the incentive to eradicate it. Gender difference is not solely propagated by unequal access to and ownership of economic resources. Also, men and women are treated differently in the same workplace, given different wages for the equal amount of work done by them. As a whole, gender roles and expectations promote gendered identities and regulate women and men's actions in ways that contribute to discrimination (Ridgeway, 2011).

Three domains of gender inequality

The following principles serve as the foundation for this framework for analyzing global developments in inequality. Gender equity in the first domain is based on skill equality, which ensures that males and females are on an equal level in terms of core functions (schooling, healthcare, and nutrition). Furthermore, in order to enhance financial equality, women must be able to turn their talents into the ability to produce income on par with men, implying that advances toward gender parity in socioeconomic well-being must be made. Although people neglect gender-disaggregated statistics on wages, data on gender differences in access to employment, credit, and land ownership rights should enable us to assess fairness in this second domain. The final component, service, is concerned with decision-making autonomy and representation in society's key resource distribution sites: the home, the office, and regulatory bodies. Women can be capable of influencing the conditions that contribute to inequalities in the skills or lifestyles domain if they have a voice in these fields. As a result, these 3 domains are interconnected (Huang et al., 2020). The shift in a single domain can be leveraged by progress in another. Furthermore, advancement in any one of these three domains is insufficient to accomplish the ultimate objective of equality of the sexes without development in the others.

Gender-based abuse

Aggressive behavior is widely accepted as a natural part of the behavior of men and a necessary part of becoming a man. In reality, violence is culturally 'masculinized.' Gender-based abuse is linked to power structures and emotions – the exploitation of women and some male groups. Gender disparity leads to the perpetuation of a violent society. Men are less hesitant to use and degrade women because of their own purposes since the wellbeing of men is considered to be of greater significance. Women are treated as anything less, as individuals entitled to male authority. Despite the fact that the strict concept of gender includes male, female, as well as other gender identities, most individuals still perceive gender discrimination issues as women’s concerns. Gender disparity, on the other hand, affects all, even men. Stereotypes or 'regulations' on how men, women, girls, and boys must behave begin in early childhood and continue throughout adulthood. Inequality does not affect everybody in an exact way. Those who are exposed to various types of prejudices face a more complicated situation, which is often more harmful.

Inequalities in wage distribution

Men and women employees earn different salaries for jobs of equal importance, which is one of the fields at work where gender disparities can be seen (Heymann et al., 2019). According to a 2013 report by the International Labor Organization, the international wage disparity is 23%. However, this figure excludes the women around the world who operate in the unregulated informal economy with no legal security. Furthermore, many nations lack reliable data to produce more detailed reports, resulting in an even higher percentage of disparity. Due to these participants and demographic implications, gender wage disparities decrease female jobs, which raise fertility and reduce economic growth. As a result, exposure to and power over properties, and lifelong social security protection is also inadequate.

Inequalities in education system

Access to higher education remains critical to closing the pay disparity. It is not, however, the only measure, since highly educated women are at the extremes of the gender divide. Unequal and uneducated communities have a lower degree of harmony. They are more likely to engage in anti-social activity and aggression. Inadequate access to education is expressed in the daily struggles of women's and girls' affairs, such as the growing number of women living below the poverty line compared to males, women's and girls' deprivation of autonomy over their identities, and abuses of sexual and reproductive freedoms, and disparities in job opportunities.

Argument on the problems

Gender equality strengthens ties between nations. Their citizens are in healthy condition and have a greater sense of well-being. For far too long, women have attempted to address these issues on their own: by balancing work and home life, undergoing further training, and struggling to smash through the power structure. However, it has become particularly important for people of all genders to work together to address the issues of gender equality. A sociological viewpoint indicates a variety of steps to resolve the behavioral and structural variables that lead to gender inequality. It is important to reduce the socialization of girls and boys into stereotypical gender norms by parents and other family members (Tay et al., 2018).

The consequences

Inequalities in the participation in economic and social benefits, such as fair jobs and wage equality, Gender disparity results in a significant loss of human resources, with consequences for both men and women. Social justice is thus central to democracy, progress, and a human rights framework in which everybody has a share (Heise et al., 2019).

Probable solutions to the problems discussed in three domains

In general, the number of men who earn is much higher than that of women. Increasing mentorship and other attempts to raise the percentage of women in predominantly male professions and political leadership roles would inculcate trust and integrity in them. Many government initiatives, such as increased monetary assistance for child care, can also contribute to having female workers who want to preach their passion.

Due to the wage-gap issues, UNI has committed to working to ensure that ILO Convention 100, which mandates fair pay for equal work, is implemented in every workplace. On the one side, Cavalcanti and Tavares' research indicates that wide wage disparities between men and women would impede economic development. Boosting government funding for elevated day-care alternatives is vital to enable families, especially mothers, to operate outside the house if they wish, without fear of jeopardizing their wealth or their kids’ well-being.

The biggest thing that can contribute to more advancement in society and let women have their say in various matters is a shift in people's attitudes. With the help of digital platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and news media, people of both genders must address gender discrimination.

There ought to be a greater public awareness of the causes for physical and sexual harassment, as well as the scope and repercussions of sexual harassment and exploitation. The effective implementation of current legislation prohibiting gender-based disparities in the workplace and sexual assault in the workplace will help to alleviate workplace gender inequality. Funding for support centers and other programs for males and females who have also been sexually abused should be increased. It is important to remember that everyone, regardless of gender, maybe assaulted and harassed. Abuse, sexual harassment, and domestic violence can decline as gender disparity decreases (Cerrato & Cifre, 2018).

Unequal expenditures in girls' schooling at the household stage, for instance, can be corrected by ensuring that government funds are provided to enhance girls' access to quality education.

Courageous women and men questioned the power structure by bringing harassment and sexual abuse, and domestic abuse into the public conscience, and by drawing attention to gender disparity in the office, school, and elsewhere. In order to continue to minimize gender inequality, a successful women's movement must continually remind us of the patriarchy that still exists in various cultures and around the world. Only by resolving the overwhelming burden of suffering, lack of accessibility to knowledge and health care, and shortage of productive opportunities faced by women will inequality be eradicated.

Conclusion

Inequality between men and women occurs in most cultures around the globe in varying degrees. Despite the fact, due to the modern women's rights movement, these disparities have diminished significantly since the early 1980s. They still exist and obstruct attempts to achieve complete gender equality. Gender discrimination is caused by a complex combination of cultural and social influences, according to sociologists, which must be resolved if gender inequality is to be minimized more than it has been since the early 1980s. Despite the changes that occurred during this era, children are still socialized from birth to conventional conceptions of male and female roles, and gender-related stereotyping centered on these notions persists (Dashper, 2019). Regardless of the fact that people should be able to follow whatever family and job commitments they choose, socialization and stereotyping continue to hinder the willingness of girls and boys, males and females, to consider less conventional options.

References

Ridgeway, C. L. (2011). Framed by gender: How gender inequality persists in the modern world. Oxford University Press.

Huang, J., Gates, A. J., Sinatra, R., & Barabási, A. L. (2020). Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(9), 4609-4616.

Heise, L., Greene, M. E., Opper, N., Stavropoulou, M., Harper, C., Nascimento, M., ... & Gupta, G. R. (2019). Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health. The Lancet, 393(10189), 2440-2454.

Heymann, J., Levy, J. K., Bose, B., Ríos-Salas, V., Mekonen, Y., Swaminathan, H., ... & Gupta, G. R. (2019). Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms. The Lancet, 393(10190), 2522-2534.

Batz-Barbarich, C., Tay, L., Kuykendall, L., & Cheung, H. K. (2018). A meta-analysis of gender differences in subjective well-being: estimating effect sizes and associations with gender inequality. Psychological science, 29(9), 1491-1503.

Cerrato, J., & Cifre, E. (2018). Gender inequality in household chores and work-family conflict. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1330.

Dashper, K. (2019). Challenging the gendered rhetoric of success? The limitations of women?only mentoring for tackling gender inequality in the workplace. Gender, Work & Organization, 26(4), 541-557.

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